python案例1

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需求

将linux服务器上的所有用户执行的历史命令输出到文件

分析

将整个处理过程分为两步
1、linux上~/.bash_history文件记录着用户的历史命令，读取后输出到文件即可
2、/etc/passwd记录着所有用户及其用户目录，遍历即可

实现

准备工作

验证python环境

1、输出python版本号，说明具有python环境 

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#python -V

2、创建history.py文件
print(‘helo’)

3、运行该脚本

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#python history.py

输出helo说明运行正常

功能实现：读取单个用户历史命令并输出到文件

输出root用户历史命令到/output/root.log文件

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import os
user_name = 'root'
user_home = '/root'
bash_history_file_name = user_home+'/.bash_history'
      ## judge bash_history exists ??
      if(os.path.exists(bash_history_file_name)):
          ## read user bash history from userHome
          with open(bash_history_file_name, 'r') as sourceFile:
              history_datas = sourceFile.read()
              ## wirte bash history info to log file (name with userName)
              with open('/output/'+user_name+'.log', 'w') as outputFile:
                  outputFile.write(history_datas)

功能实现：读取所有用户目录

读取/etc/pwsswd并解析出用户名及用户路径

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with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as passwdFile:
  allLines = passwdFile.readlines();
  for line in allLines:
      userInfo = line.split(":")
      user_name = userInfo[0] ## get user_name
      user_home = userInfo[5] ## get user_home
      print(user_name+" "+user_home);

总结

读取所有用户的历史命令，并按照不同的用户，并输出到不同日志文件

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import os

## read all user and bash home from passwd file
with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as passwdFile:
  allLines = passwdFile.readlines();
  for line in allLines:
      userInfo = line.split(":")
      user_name = userInfo[0] ## get user_name
      user_home = userInfo[5] ## get user_home
      #print(user_name+" "+user_home);

      bash_history_file_name = user_home+'/.bash_history'
      ## judge bash_history exists ??
      if(os.path.exists(bash_history_file_name)):
          ## read user bash history from userHome
          with open(bash_history_file_name, 'r') as sourceFile:
              history_datas = sourceFile.read()
              ## wirte bash history info to log file (name with userName)
              with open('/output/'+user_name+'.log', 'w') as outputFile:
                  outputFile.write(history_datas)